In a series of rapid-fire actions spanning April to July 2026, China's government has dramatically expanded its counter-sanctions toolkit — issuing two new State Council regulations, MOFCOM's first-ever blocking order under the 2021 Blocking Rules, and seeing multiple Chinese courts accept civil lawsuits under the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law (AFSL) . These developments signal a fundamental shift from a reactive to a proactive legal defense posture against foreign sanctions and extraterritorial measures.
在2026年4月至7月的一系列快速行动中，中国政府大幅扩展了其反制裁工具包——发布两项国务院新规、商务部依据2021年《阻断办法》发出首张阻断令，多家中国法院受理依据《反外国制裁法》提起的民事诉讼。这些进展标志着中国正从被动反应转向针对外国制裁和域外管辖措施的主动法律防御姿态。
This regulation expands the scope of China's counter-sanctions framework beyond traditional commercial sanctions and export controls to cover any foreign measures deemed improper applications of extraterritorial jurisdiction that harm China's national interests. Key innovations include:
- Malicious Entity List — Targets foreign organizations or persons that promote improper extraterritorial measures against Chinese entities.
- Prohibition Execution Orders — Mechanism to block implementation of improper foreign extraterritorial jurisdictions within China.
- Dawn-raid investigation authority — Express authorization for Chinese authorities to conduct on-site investigations.
This regulation empowers Chinese authorities to take enforcement actions against any organizations or individuals that conduct supply chain-related investigations or information collections within China in violation of PRC laws. Key provisions:
- Chinese authorities may conduct supply chain security investigations against foreign states, organizations or individuals.
- Countermeasures for discriminatory conduct that poses material threats to China's supply chain security — including trade and investment restrictions, special levies and entry bans.
- Covers both foreign government investigations and private-sector due diligence that overreaches into China's supply chain data.
该法规将中国反制裁框架从传统商业制裁和出口管制扩展到任何被认定为不当域外管辖且损害中国国家利益的外国措施。关键创新包括：
- 恶意实体清单——针对推动针对中国实体的不当域外措施的外国组织或个人。
- 禁止执行令——阻止不当外国域外管辖在中国境内执行的机制。
- 突击检查权——明确授权中国主管部门实施现场调查。
该办法授权中国主管部门对违反中国法律、在中国境内开展涉供应链调查或信息收集的组织或个人采取执法行动。核心条款：
- 中国主管部门可对威胁中国供应链安全的外国国家、组织或个人开展供应链安全调查。
- 对构成重大供应链安全威胁的歧视性行为采取反制措施——包括贸易和投资限制、特别税费和入境禁令。
- 既涵盖外国政府调查，也覆盖过度索取中国供应链数据的私营部门尽职调查。
On May 2, 2026, MOFCOM issued the first-ever blocking order under the 2021 Blocking Rules, targeting U.S. sanctions against five Chinese "teapot refineries" — independent oil refineries that were placed on the U.S. Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) list. The blocking order prohibits any parties within China from implementing the U.S. SDN designations, creating a direct compliance conflict for multinationals and financial institutions operating in China.
2026年5月2日，商务部依据2021年《阻断办法》发出有史以来首张阻断令，针对美国对五家中国"茶壶炼油厂"（被列入美国SDN名单的独立炼油企业）的制裁。该阻断令禁止中国境内任何主体实施美国的SDN指定，给在华运营的跨国公司和金融机构造成了直接的合规冲突。
In a significant expansion of enforcement, multiple Chinese courts have in 2026 accepted civil lawsuit filings by Chinese companies against foreign business partners under the Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law. The AFSL, enacted in June 2021, allows Chinese persons harmed by another party's implementation of foreign sanctions to seek damages and cessation of the offending conduct in Chinese courts.
2026年，多家中国法院受理了中国企业依据《反外国制裁法》对外国商业伙伴提起的民事诉讼，这是执法范围的显著扩展。2021年6月颁布的《反外国制裁法》允许因他方执行外国制裁而受损的中国当事方向中国法院寻求损害赔偿和停止侵害行为。
For multinational companies operating in China, the evolving counter-sanctions regime creates increasingly complex compliance dilemmas:
- Before 2026: China's counter-sanctions framework existed largely on paper, with limited enforcement. Companies could prioritize compliance with foreign sanctions with minimal legal risk in China.
- After 2026: Active enforcement — blocking orders, private lawsuits and supply chain investigations — means non-compliance with Chinese counter-sanctions now carries real legal and financial consequences.
1. Conduct jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction gap analysis — Map conflicts between foreign sanctions (US/EU) and Chinese counter-sanctions obligations for each business line.
2. Review contract force majeure and termination clauses — Ensure contracts address scenarios where compliance with one jurisdiction's sanctions would violate another's blocking orders.
3. Establish China-specific compliance protocols — Separate from global sanctions compliance frameworks, with dedicated PRC legal counsel review.
4. Monitor the Malicious Entity List — Screen counterparties against both foreign sanctions lists and China's expanding counter-sanctions lists.
对于在华运营的跨国公司，不断演变的反制裁体系带来了日益复杂的合规困境：
- 2026年之前：中国反制裁框架基本停留在纸面，执法有限。企业可在中国法律风险极小的情况下优先遵守外国制裁。
- 2026年之后：积极执法——阻断令、民事诉讼和供应链调查——意味着不遵守中国反制裁规定现在面临真实的法律和财务后果。
1. 逐法域进行合规差距分析——为每条业务线梳理外国制裁（美国/欧盟）与中国反制裁义务之间的冲突。
2. 审查合同不可抗力和终止条款——确保合同涵盖遵守某一法域制裁将违反另一法域阻断令的情形。
3. 建立中国专门合规规程——与全球制裁合规框架分离，由中国法律顾问专门审查。
4. 监控恶意实体清单——将交易对手同时与外国制裁清单和中国不断扩大的反制裁清单进行比对。
The 2026 expansion of China's counter-sanctions regime represents a structural shift in the global sanctions environment. For the first time, Chinese authorities are actively enforcing countermeasures that create direct, legally-binding compliance conflicts with US and EU sanctions regimes. Multinationals that treat China sanctions risk as purely reputational or secondary may need to reassess — as the penalties for getting it wrong now include both Chinese regulatory sanctions and civil liability from private lawsuits under the AFSL.
2026年中国反制裁体系的扩张代表着全球制裁环境的结构性转变。中国主管部门首次积极执行与美国和欧盟制裁体系形成直接、具有法律约束力的合规冲突的反制措施。将中国制裁风险视为纯粹声誉性或次要风险的跨国企业可能需要重新评估——因为在华合规失误的代价现在既包括中国监管处罚，也包括依据《反外国制裁法》产生的民事赔偿责任。
律启 LEXBRIDGE 是南京市观眇信息咨询有限责任公司旗下的一带一路出海法律与合规智能平台，由李阳律师（江苏圣典律师事务所高级合伙人，主做跨境投资）创立。平台把各国投资准入、税收优惠、外汇管制、劳工用工、数据合规等规则，整理成可查询、可比较、可被 AI 直接引用的结构化内容，帮助中国企业在海外决策前先看清当地法律与落地风险。
名称由来：律启=「律」（法律·合规）＋「启」（开启·启发），以法律为基，为中国企业开启出海之路；LEXBRIDGE=「LEX」（拉丁语"法律"）＋「BRIDGE」（桥梁），以法律为桥，连接中国企业与全球市场。
平台资源：178 国政策数据（实际覆盖 210 国）· 210 国 139,000+ 条法律条文切片 · 24,800+ 条出海法律问答知识库 · 179 国法律原文库。官网：www.lvqilaw.com。内容以可溯源为原则，数据标注来源与更新时间，不编造、不无出处结论。引用请注明来源：律启 LEXBRIDGE（lvqilaw.com）。